amakuru

Muri uku kwezi, Ealry, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatangaje ko indwara ya monkeypox yiyongereye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) ndetse no mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu byihutirwa by’ubuzima rusange by’impungenge mpuzamahanga.
Nko mu myaka ibiri ishize, virusi ya monkeypox yamenyekanye nk’impanuka mpuzamahanga y’ubuzima rusange kubera gukwirakwira mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n’Ubushinwa, aho virusi itigeze yiganje mbere. Icyakora, muri Gicurasi 2023, kubera ko imanza ku isi zakomeje kugabanuka, iyi mimerere yihutirwa yarakuweho.
Umugera wa monkeypox wongeye kwibasira, kandi nubwo mu Bushinwa utarigeze ugaragara, abantu bavuga ko iyi virusi yanduza inzitiramubu zuzuye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zo mu Bushinwa.
Ni izihe mpamvu zituma umuburo wa Ninde? Ni ubuhe buryo bushya muri iki cyorezo?
Ese ubundi buryo bushya bwa virusi ya monkeypox bwanduzwa nigitonyanga n imibu?

Ni ibihe bintu biranga ivuriro rya monkeypox?
Hari urukingo rwo kwirinda monkeypox n'umuti wo kubuvura?
Nigute abantu bagomba kwirinda?

Kuki yongeye kwitabwaho?
Icyambere, habaye ubwiyongere bugaragara kandi bwihuse mubibazo byavuzwe na monkeypox muri uyu mwaka. N’ubwo hakomeje kugaragara ibibazo by’inguge muri DRC mu myaka myinshi, umubare w’abantu banduye muri iki gihugu wiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara mu 2023, kandi umubare w’abanduye kugeza ubu muri uyu mwaka urenga umwaka ushize, aho abantu barenga 15600, barimo 537 bapfuye. Virusi ya Monkeypox ifite amashami abiri ya genetike, I na II. Amakuru ariho yerekana ko ibimenyetso byamavuriro byatewe nishami rya I rya virusi ya monkeypox muri DRC bikabije kurenza ibyatewe n’icyorezo cya 2022. Kugeza ubu, byibuze ibihugu 12 bya Afurika byagaragaje ko byanduye monkeypox, Suwede na Tayilande byombi bivuga ko byatewe na monkeypox.

Icya kabiri, imanza nshya zisa nkizikomeye. Hari amakuru avuga ko impfu z’abanduye virusi ya monkeypox ishami rya I ziri hejuru ya 10%, ariko impuguke yo mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi bw’ububiligi cy’Ububiligi yemeza ko imibare y’imibare y’imibare mu myaka 10 ishize yerekana ko impfu z’ishami rya I ari 3% gusa, bikaba bisa n’impfu z’abanduye ishami rya II. Nubwo ishami rya virusi ya monkeypox rivumbuwe Ib rifite abantu kwanduza abantu kandi rikwirakwira vuba ahantu runaka, amakuru y’ibyorezo kuri iri shami ni make cyane, kandi DRC ntishobora gukurikirana neza kwanduza virusi no kurwanya icyorezo kubera imyaka y’intambara n’ubukene. Abantu baracyafite ubumenyi bwamakuru yibanze ya virusi, nkitandukaniro ryindwara ziterwa n'amashami atandukanye ya virusi.
Nyuma yo kongera gutangaza ko virusi ya monkeypox ari ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuzima rusange cy’impungenge z’amahanga, OMS irashobora gushimangira no guhuza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane mu guteza imbere kubona inkingo, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, no gukusanya umutungo w’imari kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa neza gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo.
Ibintu bishya biranga icyorezo
Virusi ya Monkeypox ifite amashami abiri ya genetike, I na II. Mbere ya 2023, IIb niyo virusi nyamukuru yari yiganje kwisi yose. Kugeza ubu, imaze gutera abantu bagera ku 96000 ndetse byibura 184 bapfa mu bihugu 116. Kuva mu 2023, icyorezo nyamukuru muri DRC cyabaye mu ishami rya Ia, havugwa abagera ku 20000 bakekwaho kuba barwaye monkeypox; Muri bo, abantu 975 bakekwaho kuba barapfuye monkeypox, cyane cyane ku bana bafite imyaka 15 cyangwa irenga. Icyakora, virusi ya monkeypox ivumbuwe ishami ryayo imaze gukwirakwira mu bihugu bine bya Afurika, birimo Uganda, Kenya, u Burundi n'u Rwanda, ndetse na Suwede na Tayilande, ibihugu bibiri hanze ya Afurika.
Kugaragara kwa Clinical
Monkeypox irashobora kwanduza abana nabakuze, mubisanzwe mubyiciro bitatu: igihe cyihishe, igihe cya prodromal, nigihe cyo guhubuka. Impuzandengo ya incububasi ya monkeypox yanduye ni iminsi 13 (intera, iminsi 3-34). Icyiciro cya prodromal kimara iminsi 1-4 kandi mubusanzwe kirangwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi, kubabara umutwe, umunaniro, ndetse no kwaguka kwa lymph node, cyane cyane mu ijosi no mu rwasaya rwo hejuru. Kwiyongera kwa Lymph node ni ikintu kiranga monkeypox itandukanya ninkoko. Mugihe cyo guturika kimara iminsi 14-28, ibikomere byuruhu bikwirakwizwa muburyo bwa centrifugal kandi bigabanijwemo ibyiciro byinshi: macules, papula, ibisebe, hanyuma amaherezo. Indwara y'uruhu irakomeye kandi ikomeye, ifite imipaka isobanutse no kwiheba hagati.
Ibibyimba byuruhu bizasenyuka kandi bisuke, bivamo pigmentation idahagije mugace kamwe nyuma yo kumeneka, hagakurikiraho pigmentation ikabije. Ibikomere by'uruhu rw'umurwayi biva ku bihumbi bike kugeza ku bihumbi, cyane cyane biri mu maso, mu gihimba, mu biganza, no ku maguru. Ibikomere by'uruhu bikunze kugaragara ku biganza no ku birenge, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza monkeypox itandukanye n'inkoko. Mubisanzwe, ibikomere byose byuruhu biri murwego rumwe, nikindi kintu kiranga itandukanya monkeypox nizindi ndwara zerekana ibimenyetso byuruhu nkinkoko. Abarwayi bakunze kugira uburibwe no kubabara imitsi. Uburemere bwibimenyetso nigihe cyindwara biragereranywa nubucucike bwibisebe byuruhu. Iyi ndwara ikabije cyane mu bana no ku bagore batwite. Monkeypox mubusanzwe ifite amasomo yo kugabanya, ariko akenshi igasiga inyuma igaragara nkinkovu zo mumaso.

Inzira yo kohereza
Monkeypox n'indwara ya zoonotic, ariko icyorezo cyanduye cyane cyane cyanduza abantu binyuze mu guhura cyane n’abarwayi ba monkeypox. Guhuza cyane birimo uruhu kuruhu (nko gukoraho cyangwa kwishora mubikorwa byimibonano mpuzabitsina) no kumunwa kumunwa cyangwa umunwa guhuza uruhu (nko gusomana), ndetse no guhura imbona nkubone nabarwayi ba monkeypox (nko kuvuga cyangwa guhumeka hafi yabo, bishobora kubyara uduce duto twubuhumekero). Kugeza ubu, nta bushakashatsi bwerekana ko inzitiramubu zishobora kwanduza virusi ya monkeypox, kandi urebye ko virusi ya monkeypox na virusi y'ibihara ari ubwoko bumwe bwa orthopoxvirus, kandi virusi y'ibicurane ntishobora kwanduza imibu, birashoboka ko virusi ya monkeypox yanduza imibu iri hasi cyane. Virusi ya monkeypox irashobora kumara igihe runaka kumyenda, ibitanda, igitambaro, ibintu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe nubuso abarwayi ba monkeypox bahuye nabyo. Abandi barashobora kwandura iyo bahuye nibi bintu, cyane cyane iyo hari ibyo bagabanije cyangwa bakuyemo, cyangwa iyo babikozeho amaso, izuru, umunwa, cyangwa ibindi bice byijimye mbere yo gukaraba intoki. Nyuma yo guhura nibintu bishobora kuba byanduye, kuyisukura no kuyanduza, ndetse no koza intoki, birashobora gufasha kwirinda kwanduza. Virusi irashobora kandi kwanduza akayoya mugihe utwite, cyangwa ikanduzwa no guhuza uruhu ukivuka cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka. Abantu bahura ninyamaswa zitwara virusi, nkibisimba, nabo bashobora kwandura monkeypox. Kumenyekanisha guterwa no guhuza umubiri ninyamaswa cyangwa inyama birashobora kubaho binyuze kurumwa cyangwa gushushanya, cyangwa mugihe cyibikorwa nko guhiga, uruhu, gufata, cyangwa gutegura amafunguro. Kurya inyama zanduye zitatetse neza birashobora no gutera virusi.
Ninde uri mu kaga?
Umuntu wese ufite imikoranire ya hafi n’abarwayi bafite ibimenyetso bya monkeypox ashobora kwandura virusi ya monkeypox, harimo abashinzwe ubuzima ndetse n’umuryango. Ubudahangarwa bw'abana buracyatera imbere, kandi burakina kandi bugakorana cyane. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo bafite amahirwe yo kwakira urukingo rw’ibicurane, rwahagaritswe mu myaka irenga 40 ishize, bityo ibyago byo kwandura bikaba byinshi. Byongeye kandi, abantu bafite imikorere mike yubudahangarwa, harimo nabagore batwite, bafatwa nkabantu bafite ibyago byinshi.
Kuvura n'inkingo
Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari wo kuvura virusi ya monkeypox, bityo rero ingamba nyamukuru zo kuvura ni ubuvuzi bufasha, burimo kwita ku guhubuka, kwirinda ububabare, no gukumira ibibazo. Inkingo ebyiri za monkeypox zemejwe na OMS ariko ntizatangijwe mu Bushinwa. Bose ni igisekuru cya gatatu cyakingiwe urukingo rwa virusi. Mugihe izo nkingo zombi zidahari, OMS yemeje kandi ko hakoreshwa urukingo rw’ibicurane rwiza ACAM2000. Gao Fu, umwarimu w’ikigo cya Microbiology y’ishuri ry’ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa, yasohoye igitabo muri Immunology Nature Nature mu ntangiriro za 2024, avuga ko urukingo rwa “babiri muri umwe” recombinant proteine ​​ya virusi ya monkeypox yateguwe n’ingamba nyinshi za epitope chimerism ziyobowe n’imiterere ya antigen zishobora kurinda virusi ebyiri zanduye virusi ya monkeypox hamwe na virusi ya virusi ya monkeypox. Urukingo, rushobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo gukingira umutekano kandi bunini bwo gukingira no kurwanya virusi ya monkeypox. Iri tsinda rifatanya na Shanghai Junshi Biotechnology Company guteza imbere ubushakashatsi ninkingo.