amakuru

Kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, inshuro, igihe bimara, nubushyuhe bwumuriro wiyongereye cyane; Ku ya 21 na 22 z'uku kwezi, ubushyuhe bw'isi bwashyizeho amateka menshi mu minsi ibiri ikurikiranye. Ubushyuhe bwinshi burashobora gukurura ingaruka zubuzima nkindwara zumutima nubuhumekero, cyane cyane kubantu bumva neza nkabasaza, indwara zidakira, nuburemere bukabije. Nyamara, ingamba zo gukumira abantu ku giti cyabo hamwe nitsinda zishobora kugabanya neza ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku buzima.

Kuva impinduramatwara y’inganda, imihindagurikire y’ikirere yatumye ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’ubushyuhe bwiyongera ku isi ku kigero cya 1.1 ° C. Niba imyuka ihumanya ikirere itagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara, biteganijwe ko ubushyuhe bwo ku isi buzamuka ku gipimo cya 2.5-2.9 ° C mu mpera z’iki kinyejana. Akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (IPCC) kageze ku mwanzuro ugaragara ko ibikorwa by’abantu, cyane cyane gutwika ibicanwa by’ibinyabuzima, ari byo bitera ubushyuhe muri rusange mu kirere, ku butaka, no mu nyanja.

Nubwo ihindagurika, muri rusange, inshuro nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bukabije biriyongera, mugihe ubukonje bukabije bugenda bugabanuka. Ibintu byose hamwe nkamapfa cyangwa inkongi yumuriro bibera icyarimwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwarushijeho kuba rusange, kandi biteganijwe ko inshuro zabo zizakomeza kwiyongera.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko hagati ya 1991 na 2018, abarenga kimwe cya gatatu cy’impfu ziterwa n’ubushyuhe mu bihugu 43, harimo na Amerika, zishobora guterwa n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya antropogene.

Gusobanukirwa n’ingaruka zikabije z’ubushyuhe bukabije ku buzima ni ingenzi mu kuyobora ubuvuzi bw’abarwayi na serivisi z’ubuvuzi, ndetse no gushyiraho ingamba zuzuye zo kugabanya no guhangana n’ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Iyi ngingo ivuga muri make ibimenyetso by epidemiologiya ku ngaruka z’ubuzima ziterwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingaruka zikabije z’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku matsinda atishoboye, hamwe n’ingamba zo gukingira abantu ku giti cyabo n’itsinda zigamije kugabanya izo ngaruka.

Ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe ningaruka zubuzima

Haba mugihe gito kandi kirekire, guhura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwabantu. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabwo bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubuzima binyuze mu bidukikije nko kugabanuka kwiza n’ubwinshi bw’ibihingwa no gutanga amazi, ndetse no kongera urwego rwa ozone. Ingaruka nini yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku buzima ibaho mugihe cyubushyuhe bukabije, kandi ingaruka zubushyuhe burenze amahame yamateka kubuzima zirazwi cyane.

Indwara zikaze zijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi zirimo ubushyuhe bukabije (ibisebe bito, papula, cyangwa pustules ziterwa no kuziba glande zu icyuya), kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe (kubabara imitsi itabishaka iterwa no kubura umwuma no kubura ibyuya bya electrolyte bitewe no kubira ibyuya), kubyimba amazi ashyushye, syncope yubushyuhe (ubusanzwe bijyana no guhagarara cyangwa guhindura imyifatire igihe kinini mubushyuhe bwinshi, igice bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, igice bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, igice bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, igice bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, igice bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, igice kinini bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, ubushyuhe bukabije) Umunaniro ukabije ubusanzwe ugaragara nkumunaniro, intege nke, kuzunguruka, kubabara umutwe, kubira ibyuya byinshi, kurwara imitsi, no kwiyongera kwimitsi; Ubushyuhe bwibanze bwumurwayi bushobora kwiyongera, ariko imitekerereze yabo nibisanzwe. Ubushuhe busobanura impinduka zikorwa mumikorere ya sisitemu yo hagati mugihe ubushyuhe bwibanze bwumubiri burenze 40 ° C, bushobora gutera imbere kunanirwa kwingingo no gupfa.

Gutandukana nu mateka yubushyuhe birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubwihanganirana bwimiterere no guhuza nubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwuzuye (nka 37 ° C) hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ugereranije (nka 99% kwijana ubarwa ukurikije ubushyuhe bwamateka) birashobora gutuma abantu bapfa benshi mugihe cy'ubushyuhe. Nubwo nta bushyuhe bukabije, ikirere gishyushye kirashobora guteza ingaruka mbi kumubiri wumuntu.

Ndetse hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nibindi bintu bigira uruhare mugikorwa cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, twegereye imipaka y’imiterere y’imiterere n’imiterere y’imibereho. Ingingo y'ingenzi ikubiyemo ubushobozi bw'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bihari kugira ngo bikemure ubukonje mu gihe kirekire, ndetse n'amafaranga yo kwagura ibikorwa remezo kugira ngo bikemuke.

Abaturage bafite ibyago byinshi

Byombi byoroshye (ibintu byimbere) hamwe nintege nke (ibintu byo hanze) birashobora guhindura ingaruka zubushyuhe bwinshi kubuzima. Amoko yahejejwe inyuma cyangwa imibereho myiza y’ubukungu n’ubukungu ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kaga, ariko izindi mpamvu zishobora nanone kongera ibyago by’ingaruka mbi ku buzima, harimo kwigunga, imyaka ikabije, ingaruka mbi, no gukoresha imiti. Abarwayi bafite umutima, ubwonko bw'imitsi, indwara z'ubuhumekero cyangwa impyiko, diyabete no guta umutwe, kimwe n'abarwayi bafata diuretique, imiti igabanya ubukana, indi miti y'umutima n'imitsi, imiti imwe n'imwe yo mu mutwe, antihistamine ndetse n'ibindi biyobyabwenge, bazagira ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara ziterwa na hyperthermie.

Ibizakenerwa ejo hazaza
Ni nkenerwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugirango twumve inyungu zumuntu ku giti cye ndetse n’abaturage mu rwego rwo gukumira no gukonjesha ubushyuhe, kubera ko ingamba nyinshi zifite inyungu zifatika, nka parike n’ahantu h'icyatsi kibisi gishobora kongera ibikorwa bya siporo, guteza imbere ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, n’ubufatanye. Birakenewe gushimangira raporo isanzwe y’imvune ziterwa n’ubushyuhe, harimo n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’indwara (ICD), kugira ngo tugaragaze ingaruka zitaziguye z’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku buzima, aho kuba ingaruka zitaziguye.

Kugeza ubu nta bisobanuro byemewe na bose ku rupfu rujyanye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imibare isobanutse kandi yukuri ku ndwara ziterwa nubushyuhe nimpfu zirashobora gufasha abaturage nabafata ibyemezo gushyira imbere umutwaro wubuzima ujyanye nubushyuhe bwinshi no gutegura ibisubizo. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwa cohort burakenewe kugirango hamenyekane neza ingaruka zitandukanye zubushyuhe bwo hejuru kubuzima bushingiye kubiranga uturere dutandukanye n’abaturage, ndetse nigihe kigenda gihinduka.

Ni nkenerwa gukora ubushakashatsi mu nzego zinyuranye kugirango twumve neza ingaruka zitaziguye kandi zitaziguye z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buzima no kumenya ingamba zifatika zo kongera imbaraga mu guhangana n’amazi, nka sisitemu y’amazi n’isuku, ingufu, ubwikorezi, ubuhinzi, n’imigambi y’imijyi. Hagomba kwitabwaho byumwihariko amatsinda afite ibyago byinshi (nk'imiryango y'amabara, abaturage binjiza amafaranga make, n'abantu bo mu matsinda atandukanye afite ibyago byinshi), kandi hagomba gutegurwa ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Umwanzuro
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ihora izamura ubushyuhe no kongera inshuro, igihe bimara, n’ubushyuhe bw’imivumba y’ubushyuhe, biganisha ku ngaruka mbi z’ubuzima. Ikwirakwizwa ryingaruka zavuzwe haruguru ntiriboneye, kandi abantu bamwe nitsinda ryagize ingaruka cyane cyane. Birakenewe gushyiraho ingamba zo gutabara hamwe na politiki bigamije ahantu hamwe n’abaturage kugira ngo hagabanuke ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku buzima.