amakuru

Urugero rwa tissue rushobora gukusanywa kubantu bazima kugirango bateze imbere ubuvuzi?

Nigute dushobora gushyira mu gaciro hagati yintego zubumenyi, ingaruka zishobora kubaho, ninyungu zabitabiriye?

Mu rwego rwo guhamagarira ubuvuzi bwuzuye, abahanga mu buvuzi n’ibanze bahinduye gusuzuma gusuzuma ingamba zifatika kandi zifite akamaro ku barwayi benshi bajya mu buryo bunonosoye bugamije gushaka imiti ikwiye y’umurwayi ukwiye mu gihe gikwiye. Iterambere ry'ubumenyi, mu ntangiriro ryerekanwe mu rwego rwa onkologiya, ryerekanye ko ibyiciro by’amavuriro bishobora kugabanywa muri molekuline interinsic phenotypes, hamwe n'inzira zitandukanye hamwe n’ibisubizo bitandukanye byo kuvura. Kugirango dusobanure ibiranga ubwoko butandukanye bwingirabuzimafatizo hamwe n’ibintu by’indwara, abahanga bashizeho amakarita yimyenda.

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi ku ndwara z’impyiko, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe diyabete n’indwara zifungura n’impyiko (NIDDK) cyakoze amahugurwa mu 2017 Abitabiriye inama barimo abahanga b’ibanze, abahanga mu bumenyi bw’imitsi, abagenzuzi ba federasiyo, intebe z’ikigo gishinzwe gusuzuma (IRB), ndetse wenda cyane cyane n’abarwayi. Abagize amahugurwa baganiriye ku gaciro ka siyansi no kwemerwa na biopies yimpyiko ku bantu batabakeneye mu buvuzi kuko bafite ibyago bike ariko bigaragara ko byurupfu. Ubuhanga bwa "omics" bwa none (uburyo bwubushakashatsi bwa molekuline nka genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, na metabolomics) burashobora gukoreshwa mubisesengura ryama tissue kugirango hamenyekane inzira zindwara zitamenyekanye mbere no kumenya intego zishobora guterwa no gufata ibiyobyabwenge. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bemeje ko biopies y’impyiko yemerwa gusa hagamijwe ubushakashatsi, mu gihe igarukira gusa ku bantu bakuru batanga uruhushya, bakumva ingaruka kandi nta nyungu zabo bwite, ko amakuru yabonetse akoreshwa mu kuzamura imibereho y’abarwayi n’ubumenyi bwa siyansi, kandi ko urwego rushinzwe gusuzuma, IRB rwemeje ubushakashatsi.

Nyuma y'iki cyifuzo, muri Nzeri 2017, umushinga wa NIDDK uterwa inkunga na Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) washyizeho ibibanza bitandatu byo gushaka abakozi kugira ngo bakusanyirize hamwe tissue ku barwayi bafite impyiko zitagaragaza biopsy ivura. Biopsies 156 zose zakozwe mu myaka itanu yambere y’ubushakashatsi, harimo 42 ku barwayi bafite imvune zikabije z’impyiko na 114 ku barwayi barwaye impyiko zidakira. Nta rupfu rwabayeho, kandi ingorane zirimo kuva amaraso n'ibimenyetso simusiga byahujwe n'ibisobanuwe mubitabo n'impapuro zabemereye kwiga.

Ubushakashatsi bwa Omics butera ikibazo cyingenzi cya siyansi: Ni gute ingirangingo zegeranijwe ku barwayi barwaye zigereranywa n '“ibisanzwe” na “reference”? Iki kibazo cya siyansi nacyo gitera ikibazo cyingenzi cyimyitwarire: Ese biremewe gufata ibyemezo byintangarugero kubakorerabushake bafite ubuzima bwiza kugirango bigereranwe nicyitegererezo cyabarwayi? Iki kibazo ntabwo kigarukira gusa kubushakashatsi bwindwara zimpyiko. Gukusanya ibice byubaka bifite ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi muburwayi butandukanye. Ariko ingaruka zijyanye no gukusanya ingirangingo ziva mu ngingo zitandukanye ziratandukanye bitewe nuburyo bwo kugerwaho.