amakuru

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mu kigero cy’imyaka 50 no hejuru yayo, imibereho myiza y’ubukungu n’ubukungu yari ifitanye isano n’ingaruka zo kwiheba; Muri bo, uruhare ruto mu bikorwa mbonezamubano no kwigunga bigira uruhare mu guhuza isano hagati yabyo bombi. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ku nshuro ya mbere uburyo bw’ibikorwa hagati y’imyitwarire y’imyitwarire n’imibereho n’ubukungu ndetse n’ingaruka zo kwiheba ku bageze mu zabukuru, kandi bitanga ibimenyetso bifatika bya siyansi bifasha mu gushyiraho ingamba zita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe ku baturage bageze mu za bukuru, kurandura imibereho y’ubuzima bwiza ku isi, no kwihutisha kugera ku ntego z’ubuzima bwiza ku isi;

Kwiheba nicyo kibazo cyambere cyubuzima bwo mu mutwe kigira uruhare runini ku isi n’indwara n’impamvu nyamukuru itera urupfu mu bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Gahunda y'ibikorwa byose byubuzima bwo mu mutwe 2013-2030, yemejwe na OMS mu 2013, iragaragaza intambwe zingenzi zitangwa kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba zikwiye ku bantu bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe, harimo n’abafite ibibazo byo kwiheba. Kwiheba byiganje mu baturage bageze mu za bukuru, ariko usanga ahanini bitamenyekanye kandi bitavuwe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwiheba mu busaza bifitanye isano cyane no kugabanuka kwubwenge ndetse n’ingaruka z’indwara zifata umutima. Imibereho myiza yubukungu, ibikorwa byimibereho, nubwigunge byahujwe nubwigenge bwiterambere ryihungabana, ariko ingaruka zazo hamwe nuburyo bwihariye ntibisobanutse. Mu rwego rwo gusaza kwisi, hakenewe byihutirwa gusobanura ubuzima bwimibereho igabanya ihungabana mubusaza hamwe nuburyo bwabo.

Ubu bushakashatsi ni ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku baturage, bwambukiranya ibihugu byifashishije imibare yavuye mu bushakashatsi butanu bwahagarariwe ku rwego rw’igihugu ku bantu bakuze mu bihugu 24 (bwakozwe kuva ku ya 15 Gashyantare 2008 kugeza ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2019), harimo n’ubuzima n’izabukuru, ubushakashatsi bw’ubuzima n’izabukuru. H. Ubushakashatsi bwarimo abitabiriye imyaka 50 nayirenga kuri baseline batanze amakuru kumibereho yabo yubukungu nubukungu, ibikorwa byimibereho, numutima wo kwigunga, kandi babajijwe byibuze kabiri; Abitabiriye amahugurwa bagaragaje ibimenyetso byo kwiheba kuri baseline, ababuze amakuru ku bimenyetso byo kwiheba na covariates, ndetse nababuze barahawe akato. Hashingiwe ku byinjira mu rugo, uburezi n'imiterere y'akazi, uburyo bwo gusesengura ibyiciro byifashishijwe mu gusobanura imibereho n'imibereho myiza yo hejuru kandi iri hasi. Kwiheba byasuzumwe hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi bw’ubuzima n’imyaka yo muri Mexico (CES-D) cyangwa EURO-D. Ihuriro riri hagati yimibereho nubukungu no kwiheba byagereranijwe hifashishijwe urugero rwa Cox igereranya ibyago, kandi ibisubizo byahurijwe hamwe mubushakashatsi butanu byabonetse hakoreshejwe urugero rwingaruka zidasanzwe. Ubu bushakashatsi bwasesenguye kandi ingaruka ziterwa n’imibereho y’ubukungu n’ubukungu, ibikorwa by’imibereho n’ubwigunge ku kwiheba, hanasuzumwa ingaruka zo guhuza ibikorwa by’imibereho n’ubwigunge ku mibereho y’ubukungu n’ubukungu ndetse no kwiheba hakoreshejwe isesengura ry’abunzi.

Nyuma yo gukurikiranwa hagati yimyaka 5, abitabiriye 20.237 barwaye depression, aho indwara ya 7.2 (95% intera yicyizere 4.4-10.0) kumyaka 100-yumuntu. Nyuma yo guhindura ibintu bitandukanye bitera urujijo, isesengura ryerekanye ko abitabiriye urwego rwimibereho myiza yubukungu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwiheba ugereranije nabitabiriye urwego rwimibereho myiza (bahujwe HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.23-1.44). Mu mashyirahamwe hagati yubukungu nubukungu no kwiheba, 6.12% gusa (1.14-28.45) na 5.54% (0.71-27.62) ni bo bahujwe nibikorwa byimibereho nubwigunge.

Gusa imikoranire hagati yimibereho yubukungu nubwigunge byagaragaye ko igira ingaruka zikomeye mukwiheba (guhuriza hamwe HR = 0.84; 0.79-0.90). Ugereranije n’abitabiriye urwego rwimibereho myiza yubukungu bakoraga cyane kandi ntibigunge, abitabiriye imibereho mibereho yubukungu buke badafite imibereho kandi bafite irungu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwiheba (rusange HR = 2.45; 2.08-2.82).

Imyitwarire yimibereho nubwigunge ihuza igice gusa hagati yimibereho yubukungu nubukungu ndetse no kwiheba, byerekana ko usibye ingamba zigamije kwigunga no kwigunga, hakenewe izindi ngamba zifatika zo kugabanya ibyago byo kwiheba kubantu bakuze. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka ziterwa n'imibereho myiza yubukungu, ibikorwa byimibereho, nubwigunge byerekana ibyiza byo gutabara icyarimwe kugirango bigabanye umutwaro wisi yose wo kwiheba.