amakuru

Kuva IBM Watson yatangira mu 2007, abantu bakomeje gukurikirana iterambere ryubwenge bwubuvuzi (AI). Sisitemu yubuvuzi ikoreshwa kandi ikomeye ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kuvugurura ibintu byose byubuvuzi bwa kijyambere, bigafasha ubuvuzi bwubwenge, burushijeho kuba bwiza, bukora neza, kandi burimo abantu bose, kuzana imibereho myiza kubakozi bo mubuvuzi n’abarwayi, bityo bikazamura ubuzima bw’abantu. Mu myaka 16 ishize, nubwo abashakashatsi bo mu buvuzi bwa AI bakusanyije mu bice bito bitandukanye, kuri iki cyiciro, ntibarashobora kugeza ubumenyi bwa siyanse mu kuri.

Uyu mwaka, hamwe niterambere ryimpinduramatwara yikoranabuhanga rya AI nka ChatGPT, ubuvuzi AI bwateye imbere cyane mubice byinshi. Iterambere ritigeze ribaho mubushobozi bwubuvuzi AI: Ikinyamakuru Kamere cyakomeje gutangiza ubushakashatsi bwururimi runini rwubuvuzi n’ishusho y’ubuvuzi icyitegererezo; Google irekura Med-PaLM nuwasimbuye, igera ku rwego rwinzobere mu bibazo by’ibizamini by’ubuvuzi byo muri Amerika. Ibinyamakuru byingenzi byamasomo bizibanda kubuvuzi bwa AI: Kamere irekura imyumvire yuburyo bwibanze bwubuvuzi rusange AI; Nyuma y’isuzuma ryakozwe na AI mu buvuzi mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, Ikinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi cya New England (NEJM) cyasohoye isuzuma ryacyo rya mbere ry’ubuzima bwa digitale ku ya 30 Ugushyingo, maze gitangiza nomero ya mbere y’ikinyamakuru NEJM AI cyo ku ya 12 Ukuboza. Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) kirimo gutegura umushinga w’amabwiriza agenga amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi bwa AI.

Hasi, turasubiramo intambwe igaragara abashakashatsi ku isi bagezeho mu cyerekezo cy’ubuvuzi bwakoreshwa mu 2023

Ubuvuzi AI Icyitegererezo Cyibanze

Kubaka icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi AI ntagushidikanya ko ubushakashatsi bwibanze cyane muri uyu mwaka. Ibinyamakuru bya Kamere byasohoye ingingo zisubiramo kuri Universal Basic Basic yubuvuzi hamwe nururimi runini rwubuvuzi mu mwaka. Isesengura ry’ubuvuzi, ikinyamakuru cyambere mu nganda, cyasuzumye kandi gitegerezanya amatsiko amahirwe n’amahirwe y’ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze mu isesengura ry’amashusho y’ubuvuzi, anasaba igitekerezo cy '“ibisekuru by’icyitegererezo cy’ibanze” cyo kuvuga mu ncamake no kuyobora iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze bw’ubuvuzi bwa AI. Ejo hazaza h’ibanze shingiro rya AI kubuvuzi buragenda busobanuka. Dushingiye ku ngero zatsinzwe zerekana imiterere nini yindimi nka ChatGPT, ukoresheje uburyo bwisumbuyeho bwigenga bwigenga mbere yo guhugura hamwe no gukusanya amakuru menshi y’amahugurwa, abashakashatsi mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi AI baragerageza kubaka 1) icyitegererezo cy’indwara zishingiye ku ndwara, 2) icyitegererezo rusange, na 3) moderi nini nini ihuza ibintu byinshi hamwe n’ubushobozi buhanitse;

Kwivuza Amakuru Yubuvuzi Icyitegererezo cya AI

Usibye imiterere nini ya AI igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gusesengura amakuru yo mumavuriro yo hepfo, mugushakisha amakuru yo mumavuriro yo hejuru, tekinoroji ihagarariwe na moderi ya AI itanga umusaruro. Inzira, umuvuduko, nubwiza bwo kubona amakuru birashobora kunozwa cyane na AI algorithms.

Mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, Nature Biomedical Engineering yasohoye ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza ya Straits yo muri Turukiya yibanze ku gukoresha AI ibyara ingufu kugira ngo ikemure ikibazo cy’isuzumabumenyi rishingiye ku ndwara zifashishijwe mu mavuriro. Ibicuruzwa mubice byahagaritswe mugihe cyo kubagwa ni inzitizi yo gusuzuma byihuse. Nubwo formine na paraffine yashyizwemo (FFPE) itanga urugero rwiza rwo hejuru, umusaruro wacyo uratwara igihe kandi akenshi bifata amasaha 12-48, bigatuma bidakwiriye gukoreshwa mububaga. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi rero ryasabye algorithm yitwa AI-FFPE, ishobora gukora isura yumubiri mugice cyakonje gisa na FFPE. Algorithm yakosoye neza ibihangano by'ibice byahagaritswe, bizamura ubwiza bw'ishusho, kandi bigumana ibintu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi icyarimwe. Mu kwemeza kwa muganga, algorithm ya AI-FFPE itezimbere cyane isuzumabumenyi ry’abapologiste ku bwoko bw’ibibyimba, mu gihe bigabanya cyane igihe cyo gusuzuma indwara.

Raporo y’ubuvuzi Raporo y’ubuvuzi yakozwe n’itsinda ry’ishuri rikuru rya gatatu ry’ubuvuzi rya kaminuza ya Jilin, ishami rya radiologiya, ibitaro bya Zhongshan bishamikiye kuri kaminuza ya Fudan, na kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Shanghai [25]. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga intego rusange yo kwiga byimbitse hamwe no kongera kwiyubaka (Hybrid DL-IR) hamwe nuburyo bwinshi kandi bworoshye, byerekana imikorere myiza yo kongera kubaka amashusho muri MRI yihuse, dose CT, na PET yihuse. Algorithm irashobora kugera kuri MR Igizwe ningingo nyinshi zikurikirana mu masegonda 100, kugabanya imishwarara yimirasire kugera kuri 10% gusa yishusho ya CT, kandi ikuraho urusaku, kandi irashobora kongera kubaka ibikomere bito bivuye kubigura PET hamwe ninshuro 2 kugeza kuri 4, mugihe bigabanya ingaruka zibyakozwe.

Ubuvuzi AI mubufatanye nabakozi bo mubuvuzi

Iterambere ryihuse ry’ubuvuzi AI ryatumye kandi inzobere mu buvuzi zitekereza cyane kandi zigashakisha uburyo bwo gufatanya na AI kunoza imikorere y’amavuriro. Muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, DeepMind hamwe nitsinda ryubushakashatsi bwibigo byinshi bafatanyijemo gahunda ya AI yitwa Complementary Driven Clinical Workflow Delay (CoDoC). Igikorwa cyo kwisuzumisha kibanza gusuzumwa na sisitemu yo guhanura AI, hanyuma igacibwa nubundi buryo bwa AI ku bisubizo byabanjirije iki, kandi niba hari ugushidikanya, amaherezo isuzumwa ryakozwe n’umuganga kugira ngo arusheho gusuzuma neza no gupima neza. Ku bijyanye no gusuzuma kanseri y'ibere, CoDoC yagabanije ibipimo byiza bitari byo ku gipimo cya 25% hamwe n’ikigereranyo kimwe kibi, mu gihe yagabanije akazi k’abaganga ku kigero cya 66%, ugereranije n’uburyo “ubukemurampaka busomwa kabiri” mu Bwongereza. Ku bijyanye no gushyira mu byiciro igituntu, ibipimo byiza byibinyoma byagabanutseho 5 kugeza kuri 15 ku ijana hamwe n’ikigereranyo kimwe kibi ugereranije na AI yigenga ndetse n’ubuvuzi bukora.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Annie Y. Ng n'abandi, bo muri Sosiyete ya Kheiron i Londere mu Bwongereza, yazanye abasomyi ba AI (ku bufatanye n'abashinzwe ibizamini by'abantu) kugira ngo bongere gusuzuma ibisubizo mu gihe nta bisubizo byibutswe byakozwe mu bukemurampaka bwasomwe kabiri, byateje imbere ikibazo cyo kubura kubura mu gusuzuma kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare, kandi inzira ntiyari ifite ibyiza bibeshya. Ubundi bushakashatsi, buyobowe nitsinda ry’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya kaminuza ya Texas McGovern bukarangirira mu bigo bine by’imitsi, bwifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya AI ryifashishijwe na tomografiya (CTA) ryifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya AI mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara y’imitsi nini y’amaraso (LVO). Abaganga b’amavuriro naba radiologiste bakira igihe nyacyo kuri terefone zabo zigendanwa mu minota mike amashusho ya CT arangiye, abamenyesha ko bishoboka ko LVO ishobora kuba. Ubu buryo bwa AI buteza imbere ibitaro bikora mubitaro byindwara ya ischemic stroke, bikagabanya igihe cyumuryango kugeza igihe cyo kuva kwivuza no gutanga amahirwe yo gutabarwa neza. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byatangajwe muri JAMA Neurology.

Icyitegererezo cyubuzima bwa AI kubwinyungu rusange

2023 izabona kandi imirimo myinshi myiza ikoresha ubuvuzi bwa AI kugirango ibone ibintu bitagaragara kumaso yumuntu uhereye kumibare yoroshye kuboneka, bigafasha kwisuzumisha kwisi yose no kwisuzumisha hakiri kare. Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka, Ubuvuzi bw’ibidukikije bwasohoye ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’amaso cya Zhongshan cya kaminuza ya Sun Yat-sen n’ibitaro bya kabiri bishamikiye kuri kaminuza y’ubuvuzi ya Fujian. Bakoresheje terefone zigendanwa nka terefone zikoreshwa, bakoresheje amashusho asa na karito yerekana amashusho kugirango bashishikarize abana kureba kandi bandike imyitwarire y’abana ndetse n’imiterere yo mu maso, kandi banasesenguye imiterere idasanzwe bakoresheje uburyo bwimbitse bwo kwiga kugira ngo bamenye neza indwara 16 z’amaso, harimo cataracte yavukanye, ptose ivuka na glaucoma ivuka, hamwe no kugereranya ibipimo birenga 85%. Ibi bitanga uburyo bwiza kandi bworoshye bwo kumenyekanisha uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo kwipimisha hakiri kare gusuzuma imikorere mibi y'abana bato n'indwara zijyanye n'amaso.

Umwaka urangiye, Ubuvuzi bw’ibidukikije bwatangaje raporo yakozwe n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi n’ubushakashatsi birenga 10 ku isi, birimo ikigo cya Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Disease n’ibitaro bya mbere bishamikiye kuri kaminuza ya Zhejiang. Umwanditsi yakoresheje AI mu gusuzuma kanseri yandura yanduye abantu badafite ibimenyetso mu bigo by’ibizamini by’umubiri, mu bitaro, n’ibindi, kugira ngo amenye ibimenyetso by’ibisebe biri mu mashusho ya scan ya CT bigoye kubimenya n'amaso yonyine, kugira ngo agere ku kumenya neza kanseri yandura. Mu gusuzuma amakuru yatanzwe n’abarwayi barenga 20.000, icyitegererezo cyanagaragaje ibibazo 31 by’ibikomere byabuze amavuriro, byateje imbere cyane ibyavuye mu mavuriro.

Kugabana amakuru yubuvuzi

Mu 2023, uburyo bwinshi bwo gusaranganya amakuru hamwe n’imanza zatsinzwe byagaragaye ku isi hose, bituma ubufatanye bw’ibigo byinshi no gufungura amakuru hashingiwe ku kurinda ubuzima bwite bw’umutekano n’umutekano.

Ubwa mbere, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya AI ubwaryo, abashakashatsi ba AI bagize uruhare mu gusangira amakuru y’ubuvuzi. Qi Chang hamwe n’abandi bo muri kaminuza ya Rutgers yo muri Amerika basohoye inkuru mu itumanaho ry’ibidukikije, basaba ko hashyirwaho uburyo rusange bwo kwiga DSL bushingiye ku miyoboro ikwirakwizwa ry’imikoreshereze y’imyororokere, ikoresha AI itanga imbaraga mu guhugura amakuru yihariye yatanzwe n’ibigo byinshi, hanyuma igasimbuza amakuru nyayo y’ibigo byinshi hamwe namakuru yatanzwe. Menya neza amahugurwa ya AI ashingiye kumibare minini mugihe urinda ubuzima bwite bwamakuru. Itsinda rimwe naryo rifungura-isoko dataset yamashusho yakozwe na patologi hamwe nibisobanuro bihuye. Icyiciro cyo gutandukanya amahugurwa yatojwe ku makuru yatanzwe arashobora kugera ku bisubizo bisa namakuru nyayo.

Itsinda rya Dai Qionghai wo muri kaminuza ya Tsinghua ryasohoye urupapuro kuri npj Ubuzima bwa Digital, rusaba Relay Learning, ikoresha amakuru manini y’imbuga nini mu guhugura imiterere ya AI hashingiwe ku busugire bw’ibanze kandi ntaho bihurira. Iringaniza umutekano wamakuru hamwe nibibazo byibanga hamwe no gukurikirana imikorere ya AI. Itsinda rimwe ryakurikiyeho ryateje imbere kandi ryemeza CAIMEN, sisitemu yo gupima igituza CT pan-mediastinal ibibyimba bishingiye ku myigire ya leta, ku bufatanye n’ibitaro bya mbere bishamikiye kuri kaminuza y’ubuvuzi ya Guangzhou n’ibitaro 24 byo mu gihugu. Sisitemu ishobora gukoreshwa ku bibyimba 12 bisanzwe bya mediastinal, yageze kuri 44,9 ku ijana neza neza iyo ikoreshejwe wenyine kuruta iyo yakoreshejwe ninzobere zabantu zonyine, naho 19 ku ijana ni byo bisuzumisha neza mugihe impuguke zabantu zafashijwe nayo.

Kurundi ruhande, ingamba nyinshi zirimo gukorwa kugirango twubake umutekano, isi yose, nini nini yamakuru yubuvuzi. Mu Gushyingo 2023, Agustina Saenz n'abandi bo mu ishami rya Biomedical Informatics mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi rya Harvard basohoye ku rubuga rwa interineti mu buzima bwa Lancet Digital Health ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwo gusangira amakuru y’amashusho y’ubuvuzi yitwa Artificial Intelligence Data for All Healthcare (MAIDA). Barimo gukorana n’imiryango yita ku buzima ku isi kugira ngo batange ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku ikusanyamakuru no kutamenyekanisha, bakoresheje icyitegererezo cy’abanyamerika bo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (FDP) kugira ngo basangire amakuru. Barateganya gusohora buhoro buhoro amakuru yakusanyirijwe mu turere dutandukanye hamwe n’amavuriro yo ku isi. Biteganijwe ko imibare yambere izasohoka mu ntangiriro za 2024, hamwe nibindi bizaza mugihe ubufatanye bwagutse. Umushinga nigikorwa cyingenzi cyo kubaka isi yose, nini-nini kandi itandukanye yamakuru ya AI aboneka kumugaragaro.

Nyuma yicyifuzo, Ubwongereza Biobank bwatanze urugero. Ubwongereza Biobank bwasohoye amakuru mashya ku ya 30 Ugushyingo uhereye kuri genome yose uko yakabaye 500.000. Ububikoshingiro, butangaza genome yuzuye ya buri umwe mubakorerabushake 500.000 b'Abongereza, ni data base nini yuzuye ya muntu ku isi. Abashakashatsi hirya no hino ku isi barashobora gusaba kubona aya makuru atamenyekanye kandi bakayakoresha mu gusuzuma ishingiro ry’ubuzima n’indwara. Amakuru yimiterere yamye yunvikana cyane kugirango agenzurwe mu bihe byashize, kandi ibyo byagezweho mu mateka by’Ubwongereza Biobank byerekana ko bishoboka kubaka ububiko bwuzuye, butagira ubuzima bwite ku isi hose. Hamwe nikoranabuhanga hamwe nububikoshingiro, ubuvuzi bwa AI bugomba gutangira gusimbuka ubutaha.

Kugenzura no gusuzuma Isuzuma rya AI

Ugereranije niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rya AI ubwaryo, iterambere ryo kugenzura no gusuzuma AI yubuvuzi iratinda gato. Kwemeza no gusuzuma mubice rusange bya AI akenshi birengagiza ibyifuzo nyabyo byabaganga n’abarwayi kuri AI. Ibigeragezo gakondo byateganijwe kugenzurwa nubuvuzi birakomeye cyane kuburyo bidashoboka guhuza ibikoresho byihuse bya AI. Kunoza sisitemu yo kugenzura no gusuzuma ikwiranye nubuvuzi bwa AI bwihuse byihuse nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyoguteza imbere ubuvuzi bwa AI kugirango busimbuke ubushakashatsi niterambere bigere kumavuriro.

Mu nyandiko y’ubushakashatsi ya Google kuri Med-PaLM, yasohotse muri Kamere, iri tsinda ryanashyize ahagaragara igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gusuzuma MultiMedQA, gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’indimi nini zo kubona ubumenyi bw’ubuvuzi. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bihuza imibare itandatu yubuvuzi yabigize umwuga Q&A, ikubiyemo ubumenyi bwubuvuzi bwumwuga, ubushakashatsi nibindi, ndetse nubushakashatsi bwibibazo byubuvuzi kuri interineti, urebye umuganga-umurwayi kuri interineti Q&A, agerageza guhugura AI kuba umuganga wujuje ibyangombwa mubice byinshi. Byongeye kandi, itsinda ritanga urwego rushingiye ku isuzuma ryabantu hitabwa ku bipimo byinshi bifatika, gusobanukirwa, gutekereza, no kubogama. Iyi ni imwe mu mbaraga z’ubushakashatsi zihagarariye gusuzuma AI mu buvuzi bwatangajwe muri uyu mwaka.

Ariko, kuba urugero rwindimi nini rwerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwubumenyi bwa clinique bivuze ko indimi nini zifite ubushobozi kubikorwa byubuvuzi byukuri? Nkuko umunyeshuri wubuvuzi watsinze ikizamini cyumuganga wabigize umwuga afite amanota meza aracyari kure yumuganga mukuru wenyine, ibipimo byo gusuzuma byatanzwe na Google ntibishobora kuba igisubizo cyiza kumutwe wo gusuzuma ubuvuzi bwa AI kubushakashatsi bwa AI. Nko mu 2021 na 2022, abashakashatsi batanze umurongo ngenderwaho wo gutanga raporo nka Decid-AI, SPIRIT-AI, na INTRPRT, bizeye ko bizayobora iterambere ryambere no kwemeza AI yubuvuzi hagamijwe gusuzuma ibintu nkibikorwa byubuvuzi, umutekano, ibintu byabantu, no gukorera mu mucyo / gusobanurwa. Vuba aha, ikinyamakuru Nature Medicine cyasohoye ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Oxford na kaminuza ya Stanford ku bijyanye no gukoresha “kwemeza hanze” cyangwa “kwemeza kenshi.” Kwemeza ibikoresho bya AI.

Imiterere itabogamye yibikoresho bya AI nayo nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma cyitabweho muri uyumwaka uhereye kubumenyi na NEJM. AI ikunze kwerekana kubogama kuko igarukira gusa kumahugurwa. Uku kubogama gushobora kwerekana ubusumbane mu mibereho, bikagenda bihinduka ivangura rya algorithmic. Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuzima giherutse gutangiza gahunda ya Bridge2AI, bivugwa ko izatwara miliyoni 130 z’amadolari y’Amerika, kugira ngo yubake imibare itandukanye (ijyanye n’intego za gahunda ya MAIDA yavuzwe haruguru) ishobora gukoreshwa mu kwemeza kutabogama kw’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bya AI. Izi ngingo ntizisuzumwa na MultiMedQA. Ikibazo cyuburyo bwo gupima no kwemeza imiterere yubuvuzi bwa AI buracyakeneye ibiganiro byimbitse kandi byimbitse.

Muri Mutarama, Ubuvuzi bw’ibidukikije bwasohoye igitabo cyiswe “Igisekuru kizaza cy’ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bimenyetso” cyatanzwe na Vivek Subbiah wo muri kaminuza ya Texas MD ya Kanseri ya MD Anderson, asuzuma aho imbogamizi z’ibizamini by’amavuriro byagaragaye mu rwego rw’icyorezo cya COVID-19 anerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhanga udushya no kubahiriza inzira z’ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro. Hanyuma, irerekana ejo hazaza havugururwa ibizamini byamavuriro - igisekuru kizaza cyibigeragezo byamavuriro ukoresheje ubwenge bwubukorikori, ni ukuvuga, gukoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori buva mu mibare myinshi y’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka, amakuru nyayo ku isi, amakuru y’ubuvuzi butandukanye, amakuru y’ibikoresho yambara kugirango abone ibimenyetso byingenzi. Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko tekinoroji ya AI hamwe na AI yo kwemeza ivuriro bishobora guterana imbaraga no gufatanya mugihe kizaza? Iki nikibazo gifunguye kandi gitera gutekereza muri 2023.

Amabwiriza ya AI

Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya AI naryo riteza imbogamizi kugenga AI, kandi abafata ibyemezo ku isi baritabira neza kandi bitonze. Muri 2019, FDA yasohoye bwa mbere Urwego Rushinzwe Kugenzura Imikorere yo Guhindura Porogaramu ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubukorikori (Umushinga w’ibiganiro), bisobanura uburyo bushoboka bwo gusuzuma mbere yo gusuzuma AI hamwe n’imashini ikoreshwa na software. Mu 2021, FDA yatanze igitekerezo cya “Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning ishingiye kuri Porogaramu nka gahunda y'ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi”, yasobanuye ingamba eshanu zihariye zo kugenzura ubuvuzi bwa AI. Muri uyu mwaka, FDA yongeye kohereza Premarket yoherejwe kubikoresho bya software kugirango itange amakuru kubyifuzo byo gutanga ibicuruzwa mbere yo gusuzuma FDA hamwe n’umutekano w’ibikorwa bya porogaramu zikoreshwa, harimo n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikoresha porogaramu zikoresha imashini yiga imashini yatojwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwiga imashini. Politiki ngengamikorere ya FDA yavuye ku cyifuzo cya mbere igera ku buyobozi bufatika.

Nyuma y’itangazwa ry’ubuzima bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi muri Nyakanga umwaka ushize, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wongeye gushyiraho itegeko ry’ubutasi. Iyambere igamije gukoresha neza amakuru yubuzima kugirango itange ubuvuzi bufite ireme, kugabanya ubusumbane, no gushyigikira amakuru yo gukumira, gusuzuma, kuvura, guhanga udushya, gufata ibyemezo n’amategeko, mu gihe abaturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagenzura cyane amakuru y’ubuzima bwabo bwite. Iyanyuma irasobanura neza ko sisitemu yo gusuzuma indwara ari sisitemu ya AI ishobora guteza ibyago byinshi, kandi igomba gukenera kugenzurwa gukomeye, kugenzura ubuzima bwubuzima bwose no kugenzura mbere yisuzuma. Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (EMA) cyasohoye umushinga w’impapuro zerekana ku ikoreshwa rya AI mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iterambere ry’ibiyobyabwenge, kugenzura no gukoresha, hibandwa ku kuzamura icyizere cya AI kugira ngo umutekano w’abarwayi n’ubusugire bw’ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro. Muri rusange, inzira y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi igenda ifata buhoro buhoro, kandi amakuru yanyuma yo kuyashyira mu bikorwa arashobora kuba arambuye kandi akomeye. Bitandukanye cyane n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, igishushanyo mbonera cy’Ubwongereza gishinzwe kugenzura imikorere ya AI cyerekana neza ko guverinoma iteganya gufata inzira yoroshye kandi ntishyireho imishinga mishya cyangwa ngo ishyireho amategeko mashya kuri ubu.

Mu Bushinwa, Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya tekiniki cy’ubuvuzi (NMPA) cy’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibicuruzwa by’ubuvuzi cyasohoye mbere inyandiko nka “Ingingo zisubiramo zo Kwiga Byimbitse Zifasha gufata ibyemezo”, “Amahame ngenderwaho yo kwiyandikisha mu isuzuma ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubukorikori (Umushinga wo gutanga ibisobanuro)” na “Kuzenguruka ku mahame ngenderwaho yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bya tekinike 21” (47). Muri uyu mwaka, "Incamake y’ibikoresho bya mbere by’ubuvuzi byashyizwe mu byiciro mu mwaka wa 2023 ″ byongeye gusohoka. Uru ruhererekane rw’inyandiko rutuma ibisobanuro, gushyira mu byiciro no kugenzura ibicuruzwa by’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubukorikori bisobanutse neza kandi byoroshe gukora, kandi bitanga ubuyobozi busobanutse neza ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byashyizwe ahagaragara n’ingamba zo kwandikisha ibigo bitandukanye mu nganda. Izi nyandiko zitanga urwego n’icyemezo cy’imicungire y’ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bya AI. hejuru ihuriro ridasanzwe ku miyoborere y’ubuvuzi n’iterambere ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibitaro bya Leta hamwe n’ihuriro ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubukorikori hamwe n’isuzuma ry’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ry’inganda Muri icyo gihe, abayobozi ba komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura na NMPA bazitabira iyo nama kandi bashobora gutangaza amakuru mashya.

Umwanzuro

Mu 2023, ubuvuzi bwa AI bwatangiye kwinjizwa mubikorwa byose byubuvuzi byimbere kandi byimbere, bikubiyemo gukusanya amakuru yibitaro, guhuza, gusesengura, gusuzuma no kuvura, no gusuzuma abaturage, kandi bigafatanya n’abakozi bashinzwe ubuvuzi / indwara, byerekana ubushobozi bwo kuzana ubuzima bwiza ku buzima bw’abantu. Ubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mubuvuzi AI butangiye gucya. Mu bihe biri imbere, iterambere rya AI ry'ubuvuzi ntirishingiye gusa ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ubwaryo, ahubwo rikeneye n'ubufatanye bwuzuye bw'inganda, kaminuza n'ubushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi ndetse n'inkunga y'abafata ibyemezo n'ababishinzwe. Ubu bufatanye bwambukiranya imipaka nurufunguzo rwo kugera kuri serivisi zubuvuzi zihuriweho na AI, kandi rwose bizamura iterambere ryubuzima bwabantu.